► Nuclear power is an option to diversify electricity and meet demand in N. Africa. ► With current plans, nuclear power could generate up to 15% of electricity by 2030. ► Capacities in N. Africa are insufficient to launch nuclear power programs. ► Deployment of nuclear power in N. Africa depends on external assistance and investment.
5
Launching strategy for electric vehicles: Lessons from
China and Taiwan
Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 77,
Purchase Issue 5, June 2010, Pages 831-834
$ 41.95 Chi-Jen Yang
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Abstract
China has seen explosive growth in the sales of electric bikes since 1998. The boom was triggered by Chinese local governments' efforts to restrict motorcycles in city centers. However, many Chinese cities have started to extend the
restriction to electric bikes. Whether China's electric bike economy will continue to develop is highly uncertain. The experience of China's electric bike boom suggests that limiting the fossil-fueled alternatives could be an effective policy tool in fostering the commercialization of electric vehicles. The failure of Taiwan's electric scooter policy, on the other hand, indicates that subsidies alone may not be a sufficient launching strategy. The policy approach of limiting the alternatives deserves serious consideration if policymakers wish to foster electric vehicles.
Article Outline
1. Content
Acknowledgements References Vitae
6
New Directions: The electric car and carbon emissions in
the US
Atmospheric Environment, Volume 44, Issue 5, February
Purchase 2010, Pages 733-734
$ 35.95 Joseph I. Arar
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Abstract | References
No abstract is available for this article.
Article Outline
References
7
Utilization of copper tailing for autoclaved sand–lime
brick Original Research Article
Construction and Building Materials, Volume 25, Issue 2, February 2011, Pages 867-872
Yonghao Fang, Yamin Gu, Qiubo Kang, Quan Wen, Pin Dai
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Abstract
The influences of the batch ingredients and the autoclaving processes on the properties of autoclaved sand–lime brick from low SiO2 content copper tailing were studied. The results show that the copper tailing with low content of SiO2 can be used to produce autoclaved sand–lime bricks meeting GB11945-1999 for Mu 15 sand–lime brick, if only the proportion of the copper tailing in the brick batch does not exceed 50% (% by mass) and appropriate proportions of river sand and sand powder are added to compensate for the low SiO2 content. XRD and SEM analyses show that the main hydrothermal reaction products in the brick are 0.9 nm, 1.1 nm and 1.4 nm tobermorite phases, and the andradite in the copper tailing nearly does not take part in the autoclaving reaction.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Experimental 2.1. Raw materials 2.2. Procedure
3. Results and discussion 3.1. Compressive strength
3.1.1. Influence of lime/sand powder mass ratio 3.1.2. Influence of river sand powder/sand mass ratio 3.1.3. Influence of copper tailing content 3.1.4. Influence of autoclaving procedure 3.2. Freeze/thaw durability 3.3. Radioactivity
3.4. Hydrothermal reaction product 4. Summary Acknowledgements References
8
Combining hybrid cars and synthetic fuels with
electricity generation and carbon capture and
storage Original Research Article
Purchase Energy Policy, Volume 39, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages
$ 19.95 248-268
Oscar van Vliet, Machteld van den Broek, Wim Turkenburg, André Faaij
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Abstract
We examined the co-evolution of the transportation, and electricity and heat generation sectors in the Netherlands until 2040 using a MARKAL bottom-up cost optimisation model.
All scenario variants investigated indicate a switch away from crude oil-based
diesel and petrol for transportation. Lowest overall CO2 abatement cost is achieved by accommodating transportation first and using relatively expensive options for emissions reduction in electricity generation if needed.
Biomass and carbon capture and storage (CCS) are used to full potential. Transportation CO2 emissions are reduced by switching to ethanol or bio-based synthetic fuels combined with CCS, and series hybrid cars if needed. Depending on the availability of biomass and carbon storage capacity, electricity is produced from biomass, coal with CCS, or wind complemented with natural gas. Indirect greenhouse gas emissions rise to 34–54% of national emissions in 2040.
The difference in annual investment required between the scenario variants with and without CO2 emissions reductions of 68% by 2040 is 4–7 billion euro/year, or 0.5–1.2% of projected GDP.
Investment costs are mostly determined by the cost of cars and electricity generation capacity. We observe competition for limited biomass supply and CO2 storage capacity between the transportation and power sectors.
Article Outline
1. Introduction 1.1. Existing research 1.2. Approach and objectives 2. MARKAL model expansion 2.1. The MARKAL-NL-UU model 2.2. Transportation expansions 2.3. Time and technological progress 3. Scenario and data 3.1. Transportation demand
3.2. Car and heavy vehicles properties
3.3. Production and distribution of synthetic fuels 3.4. Supply of energy resources
3.5. Supply of biodiesel, ethanol, and lignocellulosic biomass 3.6. Electricity generation sector 3.7. CO2 capture, transport, and storage 4. Scenario variants 5. Results
5.1. Energy sources 5.2. Fuels and vehicles 5.3. CO2 emissions 5.4. Costs and investment 6. Discussion
6.1. Modelling approach 6.2. Energy resources
6.3. Technological progress and technology cost 6.4. Generalising our results 7. Summary and conclusions Acknowledgements References
9
CO2 emissions derived from raw materials used in brick
factories. Applications to Andalusia (Southern Spain) Original Research Article Applied Clay Science, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available Purchase
$ 31.50 online 18 January 2011
I. González, E. Galán, A. Miras, M.A. Vázquez
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Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate CO2 emissions from raw materials, fired in the structural ceramic industry in Andalusia. Twenty representative ceramic industries
from the greatest ceramic production sites in Andalusia were selected. These industries produce more than 75 t of building ceramic materials per day and are affected by the commercial emissions system. Raw materials, fired products, and their corresponding unfired products (“green bodies”) were studied by XRD. The overall amount of carbon content was determined by elemental microanalysis. CO2 from carbonates and organic matter was evaluated by calcimetry and the Walkley and Black (1934) method. In most of the brick industries, CO2 emissions are produced by carbonates decomposition because the raw materials they use generally contain high amounts of these minerals (up to 50%). Sometimes, raw materials such as sericitic shales and white-firing grey-black clays (“kaolinitic” clays) are used in the production of pavements and facings. In these cases, CO2 emissions usually come from the destruction of the organic matter (up to 4%). The CO2 content obtained by elemental analysis and calcimetry, had a reasonably high correlation (r = 0.98), except for the shale samples and other raw materials with organic matter.
On the basis of CO2 emissions, other than those coming from fuel combustion, there are three types of ceramic factories in Andalusia: a) factories that release < 5% of CO2 emission. They manufacture special products and do not use raw materials containing carbonates, b) factories that release between 5–10% of CO2 emission. The content of carbonate in the raw material they use ranges between 20–30%. In this case, the amount of CO2 produced should be controlled in order to evaluate how dangerous the emissions are, c) factories releasing above 10% of CO2 emission. They are factories that use marls from Neogene sediments of the Guadalquivir Basin, containing carbonate > 30%, and even up to 50%. The amount of CO2 produced should be evaluated in order to avoid emissions, which could constitute a serious environmental problem.
Studies like these ones applied to Andalusia may be implemented in other
Spanish regions and European countries to evaluate the CO2 emissions by ceramic industries. This type of CO2 emission is not negligible in relation to the overall CO2 emission of the industries of any country.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Materials and methods 2.1. Laboratory studies 3. Results and discussion 3.1. Mineralogical composition 3.2. Carbon content in raw materials
3.3. Mineralogical analysis of green and fired products 3.4. CO2 determination in unfired bodies 3.5. CO2 in fired bodies
3.6. Emissions derived from raw materials 4. Conclusions Acknowledgements References
Research Highlights
► CO2 emissions from ceramic industries in Andalusia were evaluated. ► Different techniques of CO2 determination were proposed to be adopted by industries. ► These procedures could be useful to control of CO2 emitted during production.
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Will Japan, Taiwan or the US be isolated by China? A
macroeconomic game approach Original Research Article
Japan and the World Economy, Volume 22, Issue 1,
Purchase January 2010, Pages 59-68
$ 39.95 Kuo-chun Yeh, Tai-kuang Ho
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11
Where is the balance? Implications of adopting Special
Products and Sensitive Products in Doha negotiations
for world and China's agriculture Original Research Article
Purchase China Economic Review, In Press, Corrected Proof,
$ 31.50 Available online 15 July 2010
Jun Yang, Jikun Huang, Scott Rozelle, Will Martin
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12
Preparation of eco-friendly construction bricks from
hematite tailings Original Research Article
Construction and Building Materials, Volume 25, Issue 4,
Purchase April 2011, Pages 2107-2111
$ 41.95 Yongliang Chen, Yimin Zhang, Tiejun Chen, Yunliang Zhao,
Shenxu Bao
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Research highlights
► Offer a new raw material for building industry and a more effective resource recovery alternative. ► Make fired bricks using a kind of high iron and low silica hematite tailings as main raw materials. ► The produced tailing bricks were well conformed to Chinese Fired Common Bricks Standard
(GB/T5101-2003). ► The research provided an attractive method for energy saving and environmental protection.
13
Chemical safety of cassava products in regions adopting
cassava production and processing – Experience from Southern Africa Original Research Article
Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume 49, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 607-612
D.B. Nyirenda, L. Chiwona-Karltun, M. Chitundu, S. Haggblade, L. Brimer
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