6级冲刺试题 (一)

Part I

Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Low-Carbon Lifestyle. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 目前低碳生活成为一种流行 2. 低碳生活指的是…… 3. 作为大学生我应该怎么做

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

What’s the right activity for me?

Whoever you are, there‟s an activity for you to maintain a “keep fit” lifestyle. And just as getting fitter doesn‟t have to mean pushing yourself to the limits of your endurance, you don‟t have to be technically brilliant at a particular sport to derive pleasure and health benefits from it.

Some people hold back from getting fit because they feel self-conscious about their ability or body and want to find an activity they can do on their own, but organized classes and sports clubs can provide you with support and motivation, as well as a chance to make new friends.

If you‟re interested in football, hockey or other team sports, for example, many local clubs will have several teams of varying abilities, while there are plenty of aerobics (有氧健身) or yoga classes specifically designed to cater for beginners.

You‟re never too old to learn to swim, or you can take classes to improve your technique if that‟s what‟s holding you back.

But many activities can be done by yourself, and require neither technical expertise nor much in the way of equipment or expense — just your willingness to give it a go.

Here are some of the best, easiest and most popular ways to start getting fit, as well as some suggestions for alternatives, that get you started. Walking

Most of us walk at some point each day but we do it far less than we used to. The government calculates there‟s been a decline of more than 20 percent in the number of miles walked since the mid-1980s.

But walking is the simplest and cheapest of all exercises, and making it a regular activity and focusing on the intensity or distance covered can greatly increase your fitness.

Walking improves the condition of your heart and lungs and works the muscles of the lower body. It‟s a weight-bearing activity, so it may improve bone density, yet it‟s also low impact, putting less stress on the joints than some other forms of exercise.

Aside from the health benefits of walking, some of the country‟s most beautiful scenery can only be accessed on foot, so if you don‟t try walking, think what you‟re denying yourself. If you‟re a beginner, go in groups or as part of an organized outing via a ramblers club.

Walking up hills expends more energy — even walking down again uses more energy than walking on the flat, but if you don‟t think you‟re ready for the hills yet, boost your fitness by walking just about anywhere.

You could try power walking in the park, for example. The idea is to walk at such a fast pace that it would actually be easier to break into a run. You burn more calories walking at this speed than you

would running at the same pace. Running/jogging

Running might just be the ultimate way to get fit: it‟s cheap, can be done anywhere, at any time and, most importantly, is very effective. There‟s really no difference between running and jogging, although jogging is often used to describe running at a slow pace. Whatever you call it, all you need is a good pair of running shoes and a little enthusiasm.

As long as you‟re healthy and take it easy to start with, anyone can run. If you have a history of certain diseases like chest pain, high blood pressure, or have had recent surgery or are pregnant, consult a doctor first. As a high-impact activity, running may maintain or increase bone density. But it can also put more stress on your joints than lower impact activities such as walking and cycling, especially if you‟re overweight. Again, if you‟re concerned, consult your doctor.

As with all exercise, you must warm up first. Start by walking at a brisk pace, then gradually break into a slow jog. Run at a pace at which you can still hold a conversation, but which definitely feels harder than walking. If you‟re getting too breathless to talk, slow down or walk for a while until you‟re breathing more easily.

To begin with, aim to run/walk in this way for ten minutes in total. Do this every second or third day, gradually reducing the walking time and increasing the running until you can run for the full ten minutes.

At the end of each session, warm down by finishing with a slow jog or brisk walk until your heart rate and breathing have returned to more normal levels. Stretch while your muscles are still warm. Next, start to increase the total duration of your run by a minute or two every third session, until you can manage 30 minutes three times a week. Even if you‟re feeling good, don‟t be tempted to increase your running time by more than ten per cent each week.

Many people are put off running because they find it boring. For this reason, it is important to get a bit of variety in your running. There are many different sorts of running — road running, cross-country running, fell running (running in the hills), or you could run at your local athletics track, or even on a treadmill at the gym (though running on a moving treadmill uses less energy). Swimming

Swimming is another popular way to start getting fit because most towns have a pool, it‟s still relatively inexpensive and you need even less kit than you do for running. Most pools also offer lessons if you‟re a non-swimmer, or you haven‟t swum for years and want to improve your technique. Swimming is a great way to tone up and trim down, because to swim you need to move your body against the resistance of the water. Just swimming a few lengths involves most of the major muscle groups, giving your body a good workout. And if you gradually increase the pace, you‟ll get a brilliant aerobic workout, too.

Swimming is also an effective form of fat-burning exercise: because you can swim at your own pace, slowly if you wish, you can keep swimming for long periods, and maintaining your staying power is a vital goal in fat-burning exercise.

The other big advantage is that water supports your weight and takes the stress off your joints, so you can put your body through a good workout without your knees, hips or spine paying the price. Research shows that exercising in waist-deep water reduces the pressure on joints by 50 percent, while exercising in chest-deep water reduces it by as much as 75 percent. This can also make it a great exercise if you‟re recovering from an injury that means you can‟t run or play your normal sport. Gym

The gym can be a good place to work on overall aerobic fitness and build muscle strength, or just somewhere to exercise on days when you can‟t face the cold or the rain.

Gym-based activities include aerobic exercise such as running, rowing or cycling machines, weight training, and classes, such as aerobics or aerobic dance. All ages and fitness levels are catered for and improvements can be measured and exercise programs tailored to your needs.

Check your instructor is qualified to recognized standards, especially if you‟re weight training.

Incorrect technique can easily lead to injuries or make existing problems worse. For advice, take a look at the Register of Exercise Professionals. 1. What is the passage mainly about? A) Techniques in physical exercises. B) Exercise that you can do by yourself. C) Local sports clubs and gyms.

D) Suggestions for organized sport classes.

2. Why are some people unwilling to get fit?

A) The expenses of organized classes are too great for them. B) There is no activity they can take with their friends.

C) They are afraid that the activities are beyond their abilities. D) There are few sports clubs or gyms available in the community. 3. According to the passage, one health benefits of walking is that ______. A) your bone density will be decreased

B) you will lose weight in an easy and quick way C) you will enjoy better heart condition

D) you will have stronger upper body muscles

4. Power walking is different from running at the same pace in that ______. A) it uses more energy C) it is restricted to the park B) it burns much less calories D) it requires special equipment

5. When talking about running, the author suggests that people who had some diseases ______. A) give up running C) run at their will B) run at a lower pace D) seek medical advice 6. What should people do during the warming-up exercise for running? A) Try to run at a breathless speed. B) Increase the pace in a gradual way. C) Keep talking with their companions. D) Warm up the muscles by stretching.

7. Which of the following is not a big advantage of swimming according to the passage? A) Water reduces the pressure on people‟s joints. B) Swimming works most of the major muscles. C) Water can greatly increase people‟s fitness. D) Swimming can burn the fat quite effectively.

8. A good exercise for people who are regaining a normal condition after an injury may be

________________________. 9. One can turn to ________________________ if he wants to exercise in a raining day.

10. To avoid potential injuries when doing gym-based activities, you need to make sure that you get a

_________________________ instructor.

Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

Section A

11. A) The long wait. C) The broken-down computer. B) The mistakes in her telephone bill. D) The bad telephone service. 12. A) The man is an exceptionally excellent student. B) The woman is not allowed to give make-up exams. C) The student‟s request will be granted.

D) The student won‟t be able to complete the course.

13. A) He was furious with his boss. B) He was always late for work.

C) His daughter‟s being sick made him late. D) He made a big mistake in his work. 14. A) She had a bad cold. C) She got home before 10 o‟clock. B) She had a car accident. D) She was delayed. 15. A) Mr. Smith will be replaced if he makes another mistake. B) Mr. Smith is an admirable chief of the Asian Department. C) Mr. Smith‟s department is more successful than all the others. D) Mr. Smith is not available in the office these days.

16. A) The classroom was under construction. B) He couldn‟t focus on the class due to the noise. C) He felt that his studying was not effective. D) He went back to get the book left at home. 17. A) Lend the novel to the man. C) Buy the novel from Alice. B) Check if Alice will lend the novel. D) Look for another novel for the man. 18. A) He has a darker skin now. C) He could not recognize his mother. B) He went south to get sun-tanned. D) He works in a southern state. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) New foods to try when traveling. B) Making reservations for the best travel.

C) Avoiding gaining weight while traveling. D) Adjusting to time changes when traveling. 20. A) It changes the body‟s metabolism through rapid weight gain.

B) It tricks the body into responding as if it were in a different time zone. C) It promotes increased alertness by adding snacks to the diet. D) It builds resistance to illness by increasing intake of vitamins. 21. A) He feels rushed. C) He doesn‟t like to restrict his diet. B) He hates to pack. D) He‟s worried about his lecture. 22. A) He has a big appetite. C) He avoids new foods. B) He eats only at regular mealtimes. D) He eats only healthful foods. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23. A) Where they should move. B) How to negotiate with the landlord. C) How to fight the increase. D) Whether to accept an increase in rent or move. 24. A) Stay and negotiate or move. B) Buy a laptop or accept the increase.

C) Move closer to the school or the subway. D) They have no choice but to move. 25. A) It is close to the school. C) It has convenient facilities. B) It is quiet and good for sleep. D) The rental agreement is good.

Section B

Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A) They were roommates. B) They were good friends. C) They were competitors. D) They were booksellers.

27. A) He envied Richard‟s marriage. B) He was guilty of Richard‟s death.

C) He felt lucky with no rival in town. D) He thought of Richard from time to time. 28. A) From the latter‟s rivals Dylans. B) From the wrapping paper of a book.

C) From a rare first edition of a dictionary. D) From a dictionary collector in Australia. 29. A) Both of them realized their original ambitions.

B) Both George and Richard became millionaires.

C) Richard became a millionaire while George had no great success. D) George established a successful business while Richard was missing. Passage Two

Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

30. A) The baby was about to fall into the river. B) Ma Shwe was placing the baby on the rock. C) The baby was washed away by the rising water.

D) Ma Shwe was holding the baby against the rushing water. 31. A) By taking it away with her. C) By putting it on a safe spot. B) By carrying it on her back. D) By pressing it against her body. 32. A) It was a great comfort. C) It was a call for help. B) It was a sign of danger. D) It was a musical note. Passage Three

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

33. A) It may come from Columbia. B) It may suffer from monkey-pox.

C) It may enjoy being with children. D) It may prevent us from being infected. 34. A) They attack human beings. B) We need to study native animals.

C) They can‟t live out of the rain forest. D) We do not know much about them yet. 35. A) Forbid children to have pets. B) Stop buying pets from Africa.

C) Fight against more new diseases. D) Easily get infected by diseases from dogs.

Section C

Personality is to a large extent inherent — A-type parents usually bring about A-type (36) _______. But the environment must also have a (37) _______ effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.

One place where children (38) _______ up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools (39) _______ the „win at all costs‟ moral standard and (40) _______ their success by sporting achievements. The current (41) _______ for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, (42) _______ dead seconds after saying “Rejoice, we conquer!”

By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate (43) _______ on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. (44) _______________________________________________________________________________________.

Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B‟s. (45) _______________________________________________________________________________________. It is top management.

If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. (46) ________________________________________________________________________________________. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B‟s are important and should be encouraged.

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section A

Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.

Technology was supposed to set us free, but in the car industry it‟s locking us out of our vehicles. And as many more car keys contain electronic chips and come equipped with computerized anti-theft ignition systems, this problem looks set to worsen, experts say.

The days of visiting a hardware store for an extra car key are quickly vanishing, and consumers and advocacy groups say the time needed to replace missing or lost electronic keys is inordinately long and expensive — and drivers may have no recourse (求助对象) when dealerships are not open. Getting a new electronic key can cost hundreds of dollars, including the cost of towing a car.

Unlike an old-fashioned mechanical key, which unlocks a door or starts an ignition with its “teeth”, an electronic car key works by sending a code that must be read electronically before a vehicle‟s engine will start. The technology for these keys is evolving rapidly and only a few locksmiths are investing in the technology needed to replace them, meaning most drivers who lose their keys are forced to visit a dealership for a replacement.

In a study of the cost of replacing keys in 50 makes and models of vehicles in the Washington, D.C. area, Ditlow‟s group found that the average cost of an old-fashioned mechanical key was $12, while the average local dealer price of a “smart” or electronic key was $152. The highest key replacement cost was $335 for a 2004 Lexus IS300.

Ditlow speculates that with a healthy profit coming from their service and parts replacement divisions, auto companies are reluctant to make the codes for their electronic keys more readily available. For their part, automakers say making the information readily accessible would lessen the effectiveness of their anti-theft systems. To remedy this, Ditlow has suggested that the National Insurance Crime Bureau, which combats theft and insurance fraud, maintain a database of key codes so they can be easily located.

Some automakers do indeed provide their information, but not all. And as automobile electronics become increasingly sophisticated and increasingly common, the electronic key problem looks set to continue to dog drivers, experts say. Most luxury cars now have sophisticated electronic key systems, and car lockouts are among the most common reasons for roadside-assistance calls according to the AAA.

47. Car owners could go to ____________________, besides the dealerships, to replace a mechanical car key

48. How does a car react at first to the code signal of an electronic car key

49. Replacing an electronic car key costs ____________________ on the average according the Ditlow survey

50. According to Ditlow, the automakers refuse to reveal the codes mainly in consideration of _________________________

51. Ditlow suggests making the code information of the electronic keys readily accessible under the supervision of ________________________.

Section B

Passage One Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Graduate education is the Detroit of higher learning. Most graduate programs in American universities produce a product for which there is no market and develop skills for which there is diminishing demand, all at a rapidly rising cost.

Widespread hiring freezes and layoffs have brought these problems into sharp relief now. But our graduate system has been in crisis for decades, and the seeds of this crisis go as far back as the formation of modern universities. Kant, in his 1798 work The Conflict of the Faculties, wrote that universities should “handle the entire content of learning by mass production, so to speak, by a division of labor, so that for every branch of the sciences there would be a public teacher or professor appointed as its trustee.”

Unfortunately this mass-production university model has led to separation where there ought to be collaboration and to ever-increasing specialization. In my own religion department, for example, we have 10 faculty members, working in eight subfields, with little overlap. And as departments fragment, research and publication become more and more about less and less. Each academic becomes the trustee not of a branch of the sciences, but of limited knowledge that all too often is irrelevant for genuinely important problems.

The emphasis on narrow scholarship also encourages an educational system that has become a process of cloning. Faculty members cultivate those students whose futures they envision as identical to their own pasts, even though their tenures (任期) will stand in the way of these students having futures as full professors.

The dirty secret of higher education is that without underpaid graduate students to help in laboratories and with teaching, universities couldn‟t conduct research or even instruct their growing undergraduate populations. That‟s one of the main reasons we still encourage people to enroll in doctoral programs.

In other words, young people enroll in graduate programs, work hard for pay to maintain life and assume huge debt burdens, all because of the illusory promise of faculty appointments. But their economical presence, coupled with the intransigence (不妥协) of tenure, ensures that there will always be too many candidates for too few openings.

The other obstacle to change is that colleges and universities are self-regulating or, in academic words, governed by peer review. While trustees and administrations theoretically have some oversight responsibility, in practice, departments operate independently. To complicate matters further, once a faculty member has been granted tenure he is functionally autonomous. Many academics who cry out for the regulation of financial markets strongly oppose it in their own departments. If American higher education is to thrive in the 21st century, colleges and universities, like Wall Street and Detroit, must be rigorously regulated and completely restructured.

52. What does the author say about graduate education in America? A) The best graduate education is in Detroit.

B) Many graduates can‟t find a job in their profession. C) Most graduate programs should be cancelled for good.

D) Most students receive graduate education just for a diploma.

53. The drawback of university education in large-scale production is that ______. A) the division of subjects is vague

B) it leads to the increase of education cost C) it causes fierce competition among trustees D) the branches of the sciences are too specialized

54. What does the author mean by saying “research and publication become more and more about less and less” (Line 4, Para. 3)?

A) The university research field is full of ups and downs. B) Research is not compatible with publication in education. C) There are more researches but they‟re into a narrower field. D) There are more research results but less are for publication. 55. An educational system focusing on narrow knowledge will eventually ______. A) leave more faculty members laid off B) produce a lot of skillful full professors

C) boost research in every branch of the sciences D) hinder the development of students with potential 56. What may the following paragraph talk about?

A) Steps to restructure the graduate education system. B) Ways to abolish tenure and retain outstanding teachers. C) The content of The Conflict of the Faculties. D) The development of Wall Street and Detroit.

Passage Two Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Cigarettes are good for your throat, according to advertisements from half a century ago. Today such claims are unthinkable, as smokers face despiteful stares of contempt whenever they light up. Die-hards (顽固派) apart, society now accepts the huge damage to health caused by smoking, both to smokers themselves and to others through passive smoking — a change in attitudes with huge benefits for public health.

Now the World Health Organization is launching the first global war against alcohol abuse. Can it replicate (重复) the success of the anti-smoking campaign?

Some of the ways to curb excessive alcohol consumption are similar to those used against cigarettes, such as increasing taxes and reducing availability. And as with cigarettes, there may also be scope for making drinking less glamorous through clampdowns on marketing and advertising.

We have argued that these kinds of policies should be drawn up on the basis of evidence of harmfulness — to individuals and to society. But the problems of alcohol abuse have in the past been taken lightly. Excessive drinking has often been accepted, even celebrated, with hangovers (unpleasant after-effects of drinking too much alcohol) seen as entertainments that lighten the daily grind. This attitude of casual acceptance is central to the challenge facing the WHO. It obscures a problem which killed 2.4 million people in 2004, half the toll of smoking, and is estimated to be behind 20 to 30 per cent of cases of cirrhosis of the liver (a chronic disease of the liver), killing and motor-vehicle accidents.

The first line of attack, as with smoking, will be to get everyone to accept that alcohol abuse takes a huge toll. We need to erase the jolly caricature (讽刺画) of the town drunk who occasionally falls off his seat. The WHO argues that we should borrow another aspect of the anti-smoking message and regulate so-called “passive drinking” — the effect on others of a person consuming alcohol — pointing to the role it plays in violence, family breakdown and road deaths. But “passive drinking” is a misleading term. While drinking is like smoking in that it causes collateral damage (附带损伤), no one else can passively consume the alcohol drunk by another. Any harm results from a drinker‟s actions, not exposure to the substance itself.

Talk of passive drinking deviates attention from a more shocking aspect of the problem. The overall harm caused by alcohol is greater than that caused by LSD (an illegal drug) or ecstasy, and not far behind cocaine. When society stops thinking of alcohol as relaxing drink and regards it as another drug, that will signal the biggest change in thinking of all. 57. What is the passage mainly about?

A) The warning against “passive drinking”.

B) Different attitudes towards smoking and drinking. C) The global war on alcohol abuse launched by WHO.

D) Similarities and differences between smoking and drinking.

58. Which of the following measures has been taken by WHO to restrict alcohol abuse? A) Cracking down the alcohol market. B) Taxing alcohol at a higher rate.

C) Banning the manufacture of hard liquor. D) Forbidding advertisements on alcohol. 59. What do people often think of heavy use of alcohol? A) It is a normal way to celebrate one‟s success.

B) It can cause huge damage to people‟s health. C) It takes a heavy toll of human life every year.

D) It can alleviate the tediousness of the routine work.

60. What does the author say about “passive drinking” in the passage? A) It means reluctantly consuming alcohol. B) It is completely similar to passive smoking.

C) It does cause additional damage to non-drinkers. D) It brings worse damage than passive smoking. 61. The author suggests that, to win the war against alcohol abuse, ______. A) we should emphasize the harm of passive drinking B) it‟s important to change the current notion of alcohol C) alcohol should be treated the same way as smoking D) it‟s necessary to classify alcohol as an illegal drug

Part V Cloze It is a commonplace among moralists that you cannot get happiness by pursuing it. This is only true if you pursue it 62 . Gamblers at Monte Carlo are pursuing money, and most of them lose it instead, 63 there are other ways of pursuing money, which often succeed. 64 it is with happiness. If you pursue it by 65 of drink, you are forgetting the hang-over (宿醉). Greek philosopher Epicurus pursued it by living only in congenial (趣味相投的) society and eating only dry bread, supplemented by a little cheese on feast days. His method 66 successful in his case, but he was a sick and weak man, and most people would need something more 67 . For most people, the pursuit of happiness, 68 supplemented in various ways, is too abstract and theoretical to be adequate as a personal rule of life. But I think that whatever personal rule of life you may choose it should, except in rare and heroic cases, be compatible 69 happiness.

There are a great many people who have all the 70 conditions of happiness, i.e. health and a sufficient income, and who, 71 , are profoundly unhappy. In such cases it would seem as if the 72 must lie with a wrong theory as to how to live. In one 73 , we may say that any theory as to how to live is wrong. We imagine ourselves more different from the animals than we are. Animals live on 74 , and are happy as long as external conditions are 75 . If you have a cat it will enjoy life if it has food and warmth and opportunities for an 76 night on the tiles. Your needs are more complex than those of your cat, but they still have their basis in instinct. In civilized societies, 77 in English-speaking societies, this is too 78 to be forgotten. People propose to themselves some one paramount (最高的) objective, and 79 all impulses that do not minister to it. A businessman may be so anxious to grow rich that to this end he sacrifices health and private 80 . When at last he has become rich, no pleasure remains to him except harrying (折磨) other people by exhortations (训词) to 81 his noble example.

(15 minutes)

62. A) eagerly C) reluctantly B) reasonably D) unwisely 63. A) but C) or B) whereas D) and 64. A) Because C) Though B) Since D) So 65. A) terms C) needs B) means D) ways 66. A) supposed C) proved B) displayed D) discovered 67. A) powerful C) vigorous B) rigorous D) aggressive 68. A) even C) lest B) unless D) if 69. A) without C) for B) to D) with

70. A) material C) economical B) spiritual D) social 71. A) nevertheless C) moreover B) therefore D) meanwhile 72. A) offense C) handicap B) blunder D) fault 73. A) occasion C) sense B) event D) moment 74. A) stimuli C) adventure B) impulse D) initiative 75. A) favorable C) preferable B) suitable D) vulnerable 76. A) uncommon C) incidental B) occasional D) accidental 77. A) specially C) especially B) essentially D) remarkably 78. A) feasible C) fitting B) appropriate D) apt 79. A) hinder C) refrain B) restrain D) prevent 80. A) attraction C) affections B) attention D) motion 81. A) imitate C) ascribe

B) ignite D) convene

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

82. Having had her as a professor and adviser, I can tell you that she is an inspirational force who pushes her students to excel __________________________ (远胜过他们自己的预期). 83. Parents often faced the dilemma between doing __________________________ (他们感到对孩子的发展有好处的事) and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.

84. We __________________________ (不禁怀疑起他) who bought a luxurious sports car just after the money was stolen from the office. 85. The woman __________________________ (担心服用这种药的副作用), but her doctor reassured her that it is absolutely harmless. 86. Most people in the modern world __________________________ (珍视自由与独立胜过其他一切).