英语：名词性从句讲义
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句
(Noun Clauses〕。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组
, 它在复
合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又 可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一、引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连词： that〔无任何词意〕
whether, if 〔均表示 “是否 〞说明从句内容的不确定性〕
as if ,as though〔均表示 “好似 〞， “似乎 〞〕 以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词： what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, which, whichever, whomever 连接副词： when, where, how, why 不可省略的连词： 1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. 比拟：
whether 与 if 均为 \" 是否 \" 的意思。
但在以下情况下， whether 不能被 if 取代：
1. whether 引导主语从句并在句首 2. 引导表语从句
3. whether 从句作介词宾语
4. 从句后有 \"or not\"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大局部连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用
it 充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
二 . 主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由附属连词
that，whether， if 和连接代词 what， who，
which ， whatever，whoever 以及连接副词 how， when，where， why 等词引导。 that 在句中无词义，只起连
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接作用； 接代 和 接副 在句中既保存自己的疑 含 、又起 接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。 例如：
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我 什么， 不清楚。 Who will win the match is still unknown.
能 得 比 不得而知。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我 都知道他是如何成 一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英 晚会将在哪里 行， 有 防止句子 重脚 ，常用形式主
末。主 从句后的 一般用 数形式。常用句型如下：
（ 1〕 It + be + 名 + that 从句
（ 2〕 It + be + 形容 + that 从句
没有宣布。
it 代替主 从句作形式主 放于句首，而把主 从句置于句
〔 3〕 It + be + 的 去分
+ that 从句
（ 4〕 It + 不及物 + that 从句
另注意在主 从句中用来表示惊奇、
+do 〞，常用的句型有：
不相信、惋惜、理 如此等 气 ， 要用虚 气
“(should)
It is necessary (importan t, natural, strange, etc.) that
⋯
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that
⋯
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that
⋯
三、 从句
名 句用作 的从句叫 从句。引 从句的关 与引 主 从句表 从句的关 大致一
，在句中可以作 或介 及非 的 。
1. 由 接 that 引 的 从句 由 接
that 引 从句 ，
that 在句中不担任任何成分，在口 或非正式的文体中常被省去，但
如从句是并列句
,第二个分句前的 that 不可省。例如：
他已 告 我他明天要去上海。
我 决不能 自
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.
己什么都好， 人什么都不好。
注意：在 demand、 order、 suggest、 decide、 insist, desire, request, command 等表示要求、命令、建 、
决定等意 的 后， 从句常用
“〔 should〕+ 原形 〞。例如：
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我 持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令 命令部 上出 。
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2. 用 who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever
导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：
I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。
等关联词引
3. 用 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句， 其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，
仍保持陈述句语序。 此外，whether
与 if 在作 “是否 〞的意思讲时在以下情况下一般只能用
whether，不用 if ：
a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；
c . 引导从句作介词宾语时； d. 从句后有 “or not
时； e. 后接动词不定式时。例如：
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?
Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 I wonder whether he will come or not.
我想知道他来还是不来。
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？
4. 注意宾语从句中的时态照应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。 例如：
I know that he studies English every day. 〔从句用一般现在时〕 I know that he studied English last term. 〔从句用一般过去时〕
I know (that) he will study English next year. 〔从句用一般将来时〕
I know that he has studied English since 1998. 〔从句用现在完成时〕 当主句动词是过去时态〔
could, would 除外〕，从句那么要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进
行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，那么从句仍用现在时态。例如：
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America ．
5. think, believe, imagine, suppose 等等动词引起的否认性宾语从句中，
要把上述主句中的动词变为否认
式。即将从句中的否认形式移到主句中。例如：
We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。
I don ’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。
四、表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从
句位于连系动词后，有时用
as if 引导。其根本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that 从句。例如：
The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
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That ’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。
This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。
That is why he didn
’t come to the meeting那.就是他为什么不到会的原因。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的，当主语是
reason 时，表语从句要用 that 引导而不是 because。例如：
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning. 【注意】 whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的
if 却通常不用于引导表语从句。
五 . 同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由
that 引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有
advice 、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information 、message、news、order、problem 、promise 、question、
request、 suggestion、 truth 、wish 、 word 等。例如：
The news that we won the game is exciting. I have no idea when he will come back home.
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别： 1.连接词是否在从句中担任成份
Eg: The news that they won the game is true. The news that he told us yesterday is true. 2.连接词是否具有疑问意义
The order when we should return hasn ’ t reached us.
The day when New China was founded will never be forgotten. 3.连接词是否可以省略
4.从句是否解释或说明前面名词的内容。
六、高考热点透视
1. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 1995) A. There B. This
C. That D. It
答案 D 。当名词从句在句中作主语时，为防止句子头重脚轻，常用
it 作形式主语置于句首，而将真正
的主语从句放在句尾。此时
it 只起先行引导作用，本身无实义。此句也可以改写为： That English is being
accepted as an international language is a fact.
2． A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do ．〔 NMET2001 〕
A ．how B ． after C．what D ．when
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答案 C。从句子 构可知，句子的空白 填引 从句的 ，做主句
do 的 ，
同 接 是从句中的 do 的 ，因此，此 的 接 用 what。
3. He asked ____ for a violin ．〔 MET1992 〕 A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
答案： D 。 从句相当于特殊疑 句，句子 序要用 述 序。
4. What the doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon ．〔上海 2001
年春季招生〕
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
答案 C。 是一个表 从句。根据
doubt 一 可知，所 疑的 是是否能治好病，所以要填
〞
whether 。
句 的意思是 “医生真的 疑我 是否能很快从重病中恢复 来。
5． It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants. (NMET1997) A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 答案 B 。根据句意 “一般 孩子要什么就 什么是不好的。
而从句中 wants 缺少 ， A. however 和 D. whenever 是不能作 的；排除
〞可以看出后面的从句 是一个 从句，
A 和 D， whichever 表示 “无
哪一个，无 哪些 表示 “无 什么 〞。
〞， 表示一定范 内的人或物，此 没有涉及事物的范 ，所以
B ．whatever ，
6. ______leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (MET1988)
A. Anyone B. The person
C. Whoever D. Who
答案 C。本 句子的意思是：无 最后离开房 一定要把灯关掉。本 考 接代
whoever 引
相当于 any person who 或 The
的名 性从句， 接代 whoever 可以引 名 性从句，
并在从句中作主 ，
person who, 意 “一切 ⋯⋯ 的人 〞。而 anyone 和 the person 均非 ， 不能引 从句， 况 who leaves the room last 意 “某个最后离开房 的人 〞，与 意不符， 如果要 A. Anyone 或 B. The person，都必 在它 后面
再加上引 定 从句的关系代
who。如果要 D. Who 就体 不出 “无 〞的含 了。
7. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests. (Shanghai1995) A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
答案 C。本 句子的意思是： Sarah 希望跟自己有共同 好的人交朋友。疑 +ever 引 的名 性
从句与 no matter+ 疑 引 的从句的区 是：前者既可以引 名 性从句也可以引 步状 从句；后
者只能引 步状 从句。首先排除
A 和 D，从句中需要的是主 ，所以 whomever 也不行。
8. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---- Is that ______ you had a few days off ? ( NMET1999)
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A. why B. what C. when D. where
答案 A 。根据语境，甲说上周驱车去珠海观看航模展览。乙据此来询问甲这是否是请几天假的原因，
故答案是 A 。答案 B,C, D 均与该题语境不符。根据上句提供的语境，下句应该问
“那就是你为什么离开几
天的原因吗？ 〞
9. I still remember ______ this used to be a quiet village. ( NMET1993) A. when B. how C. where D. what
答案 A 。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语，排除 D ． what，而答案 C, D 均与题意不符，所以应选
“我仍然记得这里在什么时候是个宁静的地
A ． when。 used to be 表示一种过去存在的状态，本句的意思是
方。 〞
10． I read about it in some book or other ，does it matter ____ it was ？〔 2001 春季招生〕
A ．where B ． what C． how D ． which
答案 D 。这是一个主语从句。 主语从句中缺少表语。 从上句的意思分析， 应是哪本书， 所以要填 which ，
这句话的意思是 “我在某本书中读到过有关这方面的内容，是哪一本书重要吗？
〞。
11. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C when D. as (2001 年上海 )
答案 B 。该题考查 that 引导的同位语从句。同位语从句通常由 that 引导，接在 fact, news, promise,
possibility, information, doubt, message 名词后，用来解释或说明名词的内容。
12. — I think it is going to be a big problem.
— Yes, it could be.
— I wonder ______ we can do about it. ( 北京 2002 春季 ) A 、if B 、 how C 、what D 、 that
答案 C。此题考察名词性从句的连接词的用法。
wonder 后面应跟宾语从句，而从句中的谓语动词 do
是及物动词，可见从句缺少一个代替宾语的成分，我们可以用排除法排除不作成分的
if 和 that，再排除引
导方式状语的
how，答案是 C，句子的意思是 “我们能就此做些什么
〞。
七、专项考点练习
1. ________that they found an unusual plant in the forest. A. It is said B. They are said C. It said D. It says
2. _____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
3. It worried Mary a lot _____ she would pass the college entrance examination. A. whether B. if C. that D. how
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4. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isn
’t like _____ it used to be .
A .what B. how C. that D. which
5. ____ is no possibility ______ Bob will win the first prize in the match. A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether
6. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he had done the day before. A .that B. how C .what D. where
7. The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _____ up to be during the past few years. A. had his daughter grown B. would his daughter grow
C. his daughter would grow D. his daughter had grown
8. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _______.
9. ____surprised me most was _____such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well. A. That; what B. What; that C. That; that D. What; what
10. These wild flowers are so special I would do ______ I can to save them.
11. _____ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. The person
12. ____ she couldn ’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer studentsshowed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that
13. It was ____ he said ___ disappointed me.
14. It was ordered that all the soldiers _______to the front. A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go
15. The true value of life is not in ______, but _______.
16. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _______. A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to be put off
17. Go and get your coat ． It's ____ you left it ． A. where B. there C. here where D. where there
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18. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
19. You can ’t imagine ______ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 高一名词性从句 30 题 1.____ we can
’ t get seems better than ____ we have.
A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what
2.____ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That
3.____ you don ’ t like him is none of my business. A. What
B. Who
C. That
D. Whether
4.No one can be sure ____ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
5.It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 6.I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. — Is that ____ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. that D. where
7.Do you remember ____ he came?
— Yes, I do, he came by car. A. How B. when C. that D. if
8.It was a matter of ____ would take the position. A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
9.Our country has thousands of excellent scientists, most of ______ have received higher education at home. A. whom
B. whomever
C. who
D. whoever
’ s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows ____ our country has become one of the greatest powers in
space research.
A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that
11.This is the house ____ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago.
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A. where B. that C. about which D. in which
12.It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____
he or she wants．
A ． whatever B ． no matter what C ．whenever D ． no matter when
13.I think ____ he needs is more practice ．
— Yes． ____ he needs more practice is clear．
A ． what， What B ． that， That C． what， That D ． that， What
14.____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather ．
A ． If B ． Whether C ． That D ． When
15._______he said at the meeting astonished everyone present．
A ． What B． That C． If D ． Whether
16._______ we can't get seems better than _______ we have.
A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what
17._______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It
18.I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. this D. them
19.The photographs will show you _______ .
A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
20. What the doctors really doubt is _______ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. why
21.She expressed the _______ she would travel in Dalian again. A. hope it
B. whether C. hope D. hope that
22.May I ask you a question ______ we are to get the book needed? A. what B. which C. where D. if 名词性从句注意要点：
一．引导词 what 与 that 的用法区别。
引导从句时， what 要充当主语、宾语、或表语等成分，
that 不作任何成分， 只在语法上起连接的作用，
比方：
What he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.
That he said nothing at the meeting surprised everybody present.
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_____ we can ’ t get seems better than ______ we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that ______ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where
D. That; what
二．引
whether 与 if 的用法区 。
要用 接
whether，不用 if ； 上也只能
whether or not ，
whether ； 如假设从句
通常引 主 从句、 表 从句和同位 从句 ，
而不 if or not; 从句后面既可以用
whether。
whether 也可用 if，但介 后的 从句只用
省略的不定式 构也只用
3． _______ you don ’ t like him is none of my business. A. What
B. Who
C. That
D. Whether
三．名 性从句的 序。 与 的从句一 ，
名 性从句必 用 述的 序， 即使在疑 句中，从句也不倒装
4． You can ’ t imagine _____ when then received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited C. how excited were they
b. how excited they were D. they were how excited
四．形式主 和 。
当主 从句比 ，
而 比 短 ，常常将从句后置，而用 it 作 形式主 ，置于句首。形式 也
一 。
5． ______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There
B. This
C. That
D. It
五． Who/ whoever/ what /whatever 等的用法区 。
一般 来， Who/ what 等含有特指的含 ，而
whoever/whatever 等含泛指的意 ，意
性 从 句 相 当 于
⋯ that
⋯
有 定
从 句 的 名
“无 /无 什么 〞。 ： whoever=anyone
另 外 ， 以 -ever
尾 的 引 的 名
who
whatever=anything that whichever=any
例如： Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the light. =Anyone who leaves the room last ought to turn off the light. Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize. =Any one of you comes in first will receive a prize. You can just say whatever comes to your mind. = You can just say anything that comes to your mind.
6． It is generally considered unwise to give a child______ he or she wants.
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A. however
B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
7． ______ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
六 Where, when ， why 等连接副词引导的名词性从句
这些词引导的名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。
8． --- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
--- Is that ______ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. that
D. where
七． “介词 +who(m) 引导的宾语从句 “与介词 +whom〞引导的定语从句的区别。
介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语
9． It was a matter of _____ would take the position.
A. who
B whoever C. whom D. whomever
比拟： Our country has thousands of excellent scientists, most of whom have received higher education at home. 八．名词性从句有插入成分时。
此时注意两点： 一是从句仍然不倒装，而在插入的成分上倒装；二是要注意主语的主格和宾格的选择。
10． _____ you have seen both fighters, _____ will win?
A. Since; do you think who C. When; whoever
B. As; who you think D. Since; who do you think
九．引导词 that 的省略。
引导宾语从句时，通常可以省略
that，但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，
that 一般不能省。如有两个或
两个以上并列的宾语从句时，只可省略第一个
that，其它的 that 不可省。
11. China ’ s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows _____ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research..
A. what
B. which C. / D. it that
十． 名词性从句中的虚拟语气的使用。
表示 “建议、 要求或命令 〞等词义出现时， 不管是在哪一种从句中，
常用虚拟语气， 从句中的谓语用 (should)+
动词原形，其中 should 可省略。常用词有
insist， suggest ，order ， demand require 等。例如：
He suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately. It was suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately. His suggestion was that a meeting (should) be held immediately. He made a suggestion that a meeting (should) be held immediately.
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英语：名词性从句讲义.doc
2021 高考题
（ 2021北京卷〕 22. __________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
A. Which
B. What C. That D. Whom
（ 2021北京卷〕 31. The shocking news mad me realize ________ terrible problems we would face.
A. what
B. how C. that D. why
(2021上海卷 ) 35. There is clear evidence _____ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.
A. what
B. if C. how D. that
(2021 上海卷 ) 38. The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _____ others
actually understand.
A. why
B. that
C. which D. what
〔 2021山东卷〕 26. I am afraid he
’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything. C. where D. why
A. that
B. when
〔 2021山东卷〕 33.We ’ ve offered her the job, but I don
A. where
’ t know______ she
’ ll accept it.
B. what C. whether
D. which
〔 2021江西卷〕 A. this
26. The villagers have already known ______
we B. that C. what
26. It was never clear _______ the man
hadn B. how C. when
’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.
D. which
〔 2021江苏卷〕
A. that
’t reported the accidentsooner.
D. why
33. His writing is so confusing that it
〔 2021安徽卷〕
’s difficult to make out _____it is he is trying to express.
A. that B. how
C. who D. what
（ 2021四川卷〕 10. Our teachers always tell us to believe in ________ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
A. why
B. how
C. what D. which
（ 2021辽宁卷〕 23. Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ______ to read first.
A. what
B. who
C. how D. why
32. When the news came
〔 2021辽宁卷〕
_____ the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army.
C. that
D. because
A. since
B. which
（ 2021天津卷〕 13. Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases. A. what
B. which
C. that
D. where
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英语：名词性从句讲义.doc
〔 2021陕西卷〕 15.I
’ d like to start my own business
C. which
D. what
–that I’’sd do if I had the money.
A. why B. when
（ 2021重庆卷〕 22. It is still under discussion __________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. A. whether
B. when C. which D. where
（ 2021重庆卷〕 34. It is not always easy for the public to see _______ use a new invention can be of to human life.
A. whose C. which
B. what
D. that
(2021湖南卷 )31. Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ______the problem itself is.
A. what B. that C. which D. why
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